The N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide precursor, generally referred to as NT-proBNP, is an important indicator in the assessment of heart failure and is also seen in myocardial ischemia and renal insufficiency. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a chemical secreted primarily by ventricular myocytes that negatively feedback regulates ventricular filling pressures in response to changes in ventricular wall tone.NT-proBNP is a BNP iso-molecular-weight producing substance that is an important diagnostic and prognostic indicator of heart failure. Elevated N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide precursor can be seen in patients with heart failure, but is not a specific indicator of heart failure, and can also be seen in myocardial ischemia, tachycardia, left ventricular hypertrophy, hypoxia such as COPD, pulmonary artery embolism, renal insufficiency, and other pathologies. In conclusion, if NT-proBNP is found to be elevated, it should be combined with clinical symptoms, perfect examination, clear diagnosis, and then choose the appropriate means of intervention.