Heart valve surgery is a level III or IV procedure, which is risky and more dangerous, with a variety of possible complications, including bleeding, infection, arrhythmia, left ventricular rupture, bioprosthetic valve failure, and hemolysis. Heart valve surgery is usually performed under general anesthesia and extracorporeal circulation, and involves incision of the heart prior to surgery to reveal the valves and perform the procedure. The procedure is used to treat heart valve diseases, including rheumatic, degenerative and infectious heart valve diseases and congenital heart valve diseases, with rheumatic heart valve disease being the most common. Once heart valve disease occurs, it is recommended to go to the hospital in time to assess the degree of damage to the heart valves and the severity of the disease through color Doppler ultrasound and echocardiography before deciding on the next step of treatment. Before undergoing heart valve surgery, patients should have a clear understanding of the risks of the surgery, choose a regular medical institution and follow the doctor’s instructions.