Thyroid lymph node dissection generally refers to the surgical removal of the thyroid gland as a lymph node dissection to prevent postoperative recurrence due to malignant thyroid disease. Thyroid lymph node dissection is needed, usually in patients who have thyroid cancer. Thyroid cancer may cause lymph node metastases in the neck near the thyroid gland. Once the diagnosis of thyroid cancer is confirmed, it is necessary to consider thyroid surgery to remove not only the diseased thyroid tissue, but also the lymph nodes in the neck, which can effectively prevent the tumor tissue remaining in the lymph nodes, and prevent postoperative recurrence. Patients who undergo thyroid surgery and peripheral lymph node dissection also need to undergo iodine 131 treatment after the surgery. If the body does not produce enough or no thyroxine after the surgery, it is also necessary to take levothyroxine tablets for replacement therapy.