The whole process of open heart surgery includes pre-surgical preparation, opening the chest cavity to expose the lesion, performing surgical treatment, and wound dressing. 1. Pre-operative preparation includes firstly using anesthesia drugs to keep the patient under anesthesia, disinfecting the patient’s chest wall and laying sterile towel sheets. 2. Open the chest cavity to expose the lesion site, according to the different lesion sites of the patient, open the corresponding part of the chest cavity, and expose the area that needs to be operated. At present, open thoracic surgery is mostly performed for cardiac diseases such as cardiac bypass surgery, etc. Lung surgery that cannot be performed with the use of laparoscopy also requires open thoracic surgery. 3. Surgical treatment, such as cardiac bypass surgery where bypass vessels are sutured to the patient’s diseased vessels. 4. Wound dressing, after closing the chest cavity, suturing the wound, dressing the wound, and securing the patient’s chest with a chest strap. Open heart surgery needs to be operated by specialized physicians.