Helicobacter pylori is mainly infected by oral-oral transmission, medical transmission and fecal-oral transmission.
1. Oral-oral transmission: when patients kiss and have saliva contact with normal people, H. pylori enters into normal patients through saliva, resulting in H. pylori infection.
2. Medical transmission: when patients undergo gastroscopy, oral examination, tooth extraction and other medical operations, H. pylori infection may also be caused by insufficient sterilization and cleaning of instruments.
3. Fecal-oral transmission: when patients do not wash their hands before meals and after bowel movements, and when feces are not specially sterilized, fecal-oral transmission of H. pylori can occur due to the presence of H. pylori in the feces, which can cause contamination of water and food.
In addition, H. pylori may also be transmitted through mother-to-child transmission.