The most common cause of splenomegaly is liver disease. In addition, tuberculosis, infective endocarditis, malaria, etc. can cause different degrees of splenomegaly. Cirrhosis of the liver due to portal hypertension, splenic venous reflux obstruction will cause splenomegaly. Liver insufficiency in the decompensated stage of liver cirrhosis can stimulate the proliferation of monocyte-macrophage cells in the spleen after being acquired by the spleen, which can lead to hypersplenism. In addition, viral hepatitis can also cause splenomegaly. In addition to cirrhosis, various infections are also common causes of splenomegaly, such as cornual tuberculosis, infective endocarditis, malaria, etc., all of which can cause different degrees of splenomegaly. Hematologic malignancies are also important causes of splenomegaly, including leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, myelofibrosis, etc. Splenic infiltration and splenomegaly can occur. In addition to the above common causes, Felty syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, Buerger’s syndrome and Gosher’s disease can also cause splenomegaly, but these diseases are relatively rare in clinical practice. It is recommended that patients go to the hospital as soon as possible to find out the cause and give targeted treatment.