Non-tuberculous mycobacteria positive is not tuberculosis. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria positivity is usually more serious. Usually non-tuberculous mycobacteria are mycobacteria other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae. The infection causes lung disease, which is characterized by coughing, sputum, and hemoptysis. Due to the development of chronic infection, treatment takes a long time, usually 4 to 6 months, and in some cases up to a year or more. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria are most common in water and soil. The survival of this bacterium does not require high temperatures and can survive in water for long periods of time. Most are normal flora, some are pathogenic but less virulent. It is highly pathogenic mainly to immunocompromised people and can cause skin disease, lung disease and lymphadenitis. Patients may experience fever, sweating, and loss of appetite. Once diagnosed as positive for non-tuberculous mycobacteria, it is recommended that patients should seek prompt medical attention and follow the doctor’s instructions to avoid delaying the condition.