The recurrence rate of multiple myeloma patients after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is high, but it is only a matter of time, and usually maintenance therapy is needed after transplantation to prolong the time of recurrence. Multiple myeloma belongs to incurable disease, at present in the clinic, no matter receiving chemotherapy or bone marrow transplantation, it is not possible to make the disease reach lifelong cure, and the vast majority of patients will eventually enter the stage of relapse and refractory to treatment, which will jeopardize the lives of the patients. However, new drug chemotherapy to achieve remission after bridging autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is still the first line of recommended treatment, because compared with chemotherapy alone, after a series of treatments such as autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and post-transplantation maintenance therapy, the tumor cells in the patient’s body can be eliminated to a greater extent, which will lead to stable remission and prolonged survival, and improve the quality of life. Specific drugs include bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, lenalidomide, dexamethasone, marfan and so on. Therefore, patients with multiple myeloma have a high rate of recurrence after autologous HSCT, and the vast majority will relapse, but based on its benefit in terms of disease-free survival, further autologous HSCT is still recommended at this time for patients if conditions are suitable. Specific diagnosis and treatment should be directed by a physician.