Atrial septal defect in newborns is a congenital heart disease. It can be closely observed before the age of one year, and if the atrial septal defect persists after one year, it can be treated surgically. Some children are born with an atrial septal defect, but as the child grows and develops, the size of the atrial septal defect will slowly become smaller or even disappear, which is ideal and will not affect the child’s heart function in later stages. If the child still has an atrial septal defect after one year of age, the probability of it closing on its own is very small. If there is a burden on the child’s heart function, early surgical treatment is needed, and two types of surgery can be used: interventional or open heart surgery. The prognosis is better, and the child’s study and life are usually not affected.