Increased B-type natriuretic polypeptide is often indicative of the presence of heart failure in the human body, a pathological state. The B-type natriuretic peptide detected in the clinic generally refers to N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide, which belongs to one of the decomposition products of B-type natriuretic peptide precursor in human body. However, when the body undergoes lesions, which triggers the increase of ventricular chamber pressure and volume load overload, the B-type natriuretic peptide precursor can be decomposed from the myocardium to release the B-type natriuretic peptide as well as the N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide precursor. The N-terminal B-type natriuretic polypeptide precursor is not biologically active and is relatively stable, so it can respond well to the recent occurrence of heart failure, and it has a clear identification and diagnostic significance in the acute heart failure and the acute attack of chronic heart failure. The N-terminal B-type natriuretic polypeptide precursor is affected by age, renal function and other indicators, but its elevated level is positively correlated with the severity of heart failure, and its duration can be used to assess the therapeutic effect of heart failure as well as the prognosis. When elevated B-type natriuretic polypeptide is detected, it is important to treat it aggressively under the guidance of a physician without delay.