There is no early or late stage of leukemia. The average survival time of leukemia, which depends largely on age, type, stage, risk stratification, and treatment conditions, ranges from months to decades. Leukemia is a malignant disease of the blood system, which can be divided into acute leukemia and chronic leukemia, and will present with fever, anemia, bleeding, enlarged lymph nodes, and diffuse pain. If clinical remission can be achieved with chemotherapy, the survival time will be prolonged. Acute leukemia without effective treatment has an average survival of 3 months, and in some cases death occurs within days; advanced chronic lymphocytic leukemia has an average survival of 40 months, while advanced chronic granulocytic leukemia has an average survival of 6 months. Serious complications such as cerebral hemorrhage can be life-threatening in a short period of time. With the use of various drugs and treatments, the survival period has been greatly extended. With the use of targeted therapy for chronic granulocytic leukemia, the fifteen-year survival has reached more than 80%. The five-year survival rate of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children is significantly higher than that of adults. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children has different survival rates depending on their risk stratification. The five-year survival rate is about 50% in the high-risk group and up to 70% to 80% in the low-risk group. Leukemia should actively cooperate with doctors to standardize the treatment and establish strong confidence in order to obtain a longer survival time.