Common causes of enlarged ventricles in adults include cerebral atrophy and hydrocephalus, which are treated primarily with medications and surgery. Cerebral atrophy is an atrophic disease in which the brain tissue itself undergoes organic lesions caused by various factors. Widening of the sulcus and subarachnoid space can be seen on imaging. Drug therapy is available, and common drugs include Nicergoline and Hydroxyergot alkaloids, which are mainly used to activate the metabolic function of brain cells, improve the function of brain neurons and delay the incidence of injury. In addition, if the brain atrophy is caused by tumor, early surgical resection of the tumor can be considered, and radiotherapy can be carried out according to the condition. Hydrocephalus is a disease caused by excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the ventricles of the brain or obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid circulation. Excessive fluid accumulation in the brain can be manifested as enlarged ventricles. Common therapeutic drugs include acetazolamide and mannitol, which are mainly used to inhibit the secretion of cerebrospinal fluid and reduce intracranial pressure. Surgical modalities include shunt surgery and neuroendoscopic fistula surgery. Those with more severe symptoms may also be treated with conduit dilatation and upper cervical decompression. If enlarged ventricles are found in adults, they should seek medical attention in time and be treated actively under the guidance of doctors, and should not take medication without authorization in order to avoid delay.