Arterial ductus arteriosus in newborns is usually under 3 mm with the possibility of self-healing, but this is not absolute and requires long-term dynamic follow-up with cardiac ultrasound. Arterial ductus arteriosus is one of the common types of pediatric congenital heart disease, accounting for 10% of all congenital heart disease cases. The opening of the ductus arteriosus in the fetal period is an important channel for blood circulation, and after birth, functional closure occurs in about 15 hours, with 80% closing anatomically in the first 3 months of life. By 1 year after birth, it is completely closed anatomically. If it remains open, it is called arterial ductus arteriosus. Arterial ductus arteriosus is mostly isolated, but in 10% of cases it is combined with other cardiac malformations such as aortic constriction, ventricular septal defects, and pulmonary stenosis. In some congenital heart defects, such as pulmonary atresia, the unclosed ductus arteriosus is essential for the child’s survival and can be fatal if closed. Babies with this disease may present with recurrent respiratory infections, poor growth and development, and feeding difficulties. Indomethacin treatment may be considered for preterm infants with combined arterial ductus arteriosus, and surgical ligation or occlusion may be used in full-term and older infants if necessary. It is recommended that when a child develops arterial ductus arteriosus, it should be detected and treated early, rather than waiting for the disease to heal itself.