The MIS-TLIF procedure, Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Fusion, has many benefits and few major hazards. However, there are some risks of surgical complications, including sacrifice of lumbar mobility, risk of nerve injury, and potential incomplete decompression. 1. Sacrifice of lumbar mobility: Lumbar fusion results in fusion of the lumbar segment that was operated on, which results in reduced mobility of that segment. 2. Risk of nerve injury: Due to the minimally invasive nature of the procedure, the operative field is limited and the complex anatomy of the lumbar spine may injure the nerve roots in the nerve root outlet area. 3. Potential incomplete decompression: This procedure is an indirect decompression by enlarging the volume of the spinal canal, i.e., it does not relieve the direct compression, but rather enlarges the space for the spinal cord and nerves by enlarging the volume of the spinal canal, and the resection of the discs may be incomplete, resulting in the potential risk of incomplete decompression. The MIS-TLIF procedure is becoming more and more widespread in clinical practice, but the indications for the procedure should be strict, and it should be performed by specialized physicians in order to reduce the occurrence of surgical complications.