Sputum smear alone can only indicate a positive antacid bacillus, but with the increasing abundance and availability of tests nowadays, most positive antacid bacillus is not due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, so a positive sputum mycobacterium alone cannot be roughly diagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis, and further identification of the type of mycobacterium is needed to clarify whether it is pulmonary tuberculosis or non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis. For Mycobacterium tuberculosis, it is the mycobacteriosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex that is clinically known as pulmonary tuberculosis, and the pulmonary disease caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria is called non-tuberculous mycobacterial lung disease, and the two are different in treatment. So simply checking sputum to find a positive antacid bacillus is the most accurate method, and the next step needs to be to clarify the type in order to make the most accurate diagnosis and take the most accurate treatment.