Minimally invasive endoscopic treatment of gastric polyps, cardia polyps, duodenal polyps

  Gastric polyp is a superfluous organism occurring on the mucosal surface of the gastric cavity, generally speaking, more than 75% are hyperplastic and 10%-25% are adenomatous. The incidence of gastric polyps is 0.33%~0.9%, and Schindler et al. reported that gastric polyps account for about 2% of the total number of gastroscopic examinations. Gastric polyps are round or semicircular in shape, with or without a tip, smooth and light rose color, ranging from 1mm to 1cm, but there are also those larger than 4cm, with a single occurrence often located in the sinus and body of the stomach, with a large bend side and anterior wall. The risk of carcinogenesis has been shown that about 14% of polyps have malignant changes and 9% of solitary polyps have malignant changes in gastric polyp resection specimens. Some people call the occurrence of severe atypia on the surface of polyps “carcinoma in situ”. With regard to the histological structure of polyps, the World Health Organization classifies the histological types of gastric adenomas into three subtypes, which are classified as papillary plasma adenomas and tubular adenomas, respectively, in terms of cancer rate.  The histological changes of adenocarcinoma were classified into three levels according to their cellular structure and nuclear abnormalities, with the rate of carcinoma in the first level being about 16%, the rate of carcinoma in the second level being about 19%, and the rate of carcinoma in the third level being about 35%. The cancer rate of gastric adenoma is also closely related to its size.  Generally, the rate is 7.5% for those with a diameter of less than 1cm, 10% for those with a diameter of 1~2cm, and 50% for those with a diameter of more than 2cm. Clinically, if gastroscopy reveals nodules and ulcers on the surface of polyps, or even cauliflower-shaped, with a wide base and thickened surrounding mucosa, it often indicates malignancy. At this time, the diagnosis should be based on pathological tissue biopsy, and long-term follow-up of individual cases is necessary. The mechanism of malignant transformation of gastric polyps is still unclear.  Minimally invasive endoscopic treatment This method is less invasive, less painful and faster recovery.