Perimembranous ventricular septal defects are defects in the tissue separating the right and left ventricles. Perimembranous ventricular septal defect is a common congenital heart disease, which can be categorized into perimembranous, muscular, and subxiphoid types, with perimembranous ventricular septal defects being the most common, and perimembranous ventricular septal defects can present with symptoms of an enlarged heart, cardiac failure, and an increased flow of blood to the pulmonary circulation. Perimembranous ventricular septal defects can be repaired by interventional therapy with appropriate materials, and it is possible to cure perimembranous ventricular septal defects under three years of age with interventional therapy. Perimembranous ventricular septal defects should be promptly diagnosed by cardiac ultrasound. Therefore, patients with perimembranous ventricular septal defects should go to the hospital for examination as soon as possible and actively cooperate with doctors for treatment after diagnosis.