Sputum culture specimen collection methods and precautions include timing, time, sputum coughing method, aseptic operation and immediate delivery for examination. 1. First of all, timing, i.e., try to collect sputum specimen before using antimicrobial drugs, so as to avoid the drugs affecting the composition of sputum. 2. Time, early in the morning is preferred, the patient has not eaten after waking up in the morning, sputum is less affected by other factors, the results are more accurate. 3. Coughing method, try to cough out the deep sputum, after deep breathing, chest and abdomen at the same time to cough out the sputum in the lungs. 4. Aseptic operation, because of the need to culture the patient’s sputum, so the whole process needs to be aseptic operation. 5. Sending the specimen for examination immediately after the specimen is collected to avoid mixing other impurities in the sputum.