Nonhematopoiesis is a hematopoietic dysfunction of the bone marrow and is generally a popular understanding of aplastic anemia. Non-hematopoiesis is a disease of the blood system that refers to the abnormal hematopoietic function of the bone marrow, or even the loss of normal hematopoietic function. Aplastic anemia, the etiology of which is still unclear, may be due to infections, radiological factors or chemical factors, etc. It manifests itself as low or even failed hematopoietic function of the bone marrow, with a decrease in the number of whole blood cells, and the clinical manifestations are anemia, bleeding and infections. Bone marrow aspiration cytology can assist in definitive diagnosis. The occurrence of unexplained anemia, skin petechiae, ecchymosis, fever, etc. requires early medical consultation, timely and clear diagnosis and treatment to avoid delayed condition.