How exactly thyroid surgery is performed is determined by the changes in the patient’s thyroid condition. Simple goiter or nodular goiter with cystic solid changes. Such benign lesions can be treated with local thyroidectomy, or adenomectomy, with relatively fast postoperative recovery. For thyroid cancer, if the diagnosis can be accurately determined by intraoperative rapid pathology, total or subtotal thyroidectomy should be performed, and lymph node dissection in the central region should be performed as necessary according to the intraoperative situation. Also, postoperative euthyroid replacement therapy is given to ensure thyroid function. Therefore, how to do thyroid surgery and which type of surgery should be decided according to the patient’s own condition changes or pathological diagnosis.