With a cure rate of more than 90%, chronic leukemia is a malignant myeloproliferative neoplasm, clinically known as chronic granulocytic leukemia or chronic myeloid leukemia, which is complex in etiology and slow in progression, and is characterized by hyperhidrosis, splenomegaly, lethargy, fatigue, and low-grade fever as its main clinical features. The prognosis is better in chronic and accelerated stages, and the survival period is shorter in acute stage. 1. Chronic granulocytic leukemia is a kind of hematological malignant tumor that affects normal hematopoiesis. The etiology of this disease is complex, and is related to the balanced translocation of the long arms of chromosomes 9 and 22, and may be induced by ionizing radiation and frequent exposure to chemical agents. 2. The disease starts slowly and is mainly characterized by weakness, fever, depression, early satiety, discomfort in the left upper abdomen and enlargement of the spleen. 3. Not all stages of the disease have a cure rate of more than 90%. For example, in the acute stage, if there is no allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and the disease is treated only by chemotherapy such as cytarabine or tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as imatinib, the survival time is usually shorter. Those in the chronic and accelerated stages have a better prognosis if they can actively cooperate with treatment, with drugs including imatinib. Patients with chronic leukemia should follow their doctor’s advice and seek treatment early. Medications should be administered under the guidance of a physician.