The etiology of gallbladder polyps is complex and may be related to chronic cholecystitis, gallbladder stones and disorders of cholesterol metabolism. Obesity, smoking, hyperlipidemia, cirrhosis, and anatomical abnormalities of the upper gastrointestinal tract and biliary tract are the factors that favor gallbladder polyps. There are two types of gallbladder polyps: cholesterol polyps and inflammatory polyps, of which, cholesterol polyps account for the majority. Cholesterol polyp is a local manifestation of cholesterol metabolism disorder, which can occur in any part of the gallbladder, and a few cases are accompanied by gallbladder stones, most of them are multiple, a few of them are single, with yellow lobulated appearance or mulberry-like, soft and easy to fall off. The polyp is attached to the mucosa of gallbladder with a tip. Most of the polyps are less than 10 mm in size, and polyps with a diameter of 10 mm are occasionally seen. Cholesterol polyps were not tumor-prone and no carcinoma was reported. Inflammatory polyps are solitary or multiple, about 3-5 mm in size, similar in color to the adjacent mucosa or slightly red. They can be accompanied by gallstones, often with severe chronic inflammation of the gallbladder, and no reports of malignant tendency of inflammatory polyps have been seen. The cause of gallbladder polyps is not particularly clear, mainly due to disorders of lipid metabolism and local inflammation of the gallbladder, gallbladder stones may also lead to the appearance of gallbladder polyps.