The main reasons for the formation of pulmonary hypertension in pulmonary heart disease include: hypoxia, damage to the pulmonary vasculature, increased blood viscosity, and increased blood volume.
1. Hypoxia: hypoxia in patients with pulmonary heart disease leads to hypercapnia and respiratory acidosis, causing pulmonary vasoconstriction and spasm, which ultimately leads to pulmonary hypertension.
2. Damage to pulmonary blood vessels: ① Long-term and repeated chronic obstructive pulmonary and bronchitis involves the small pulmonary blood vessels, leading to vasculitis, so that the wall of the pulmonary blood vessels is thickened and the lumen is narrowed, leading to pulmonary hypertension. ② emphysema leads to increased intra-alveolar pressure, compression of alveolar capillaries, making them narrow or occluded, and increased pulmonary artery pressure when the alveolar capillary bed is reduced by more than 70%.
3. Increased blood viscosity: chronic hypoxia secondary to increased erythrocytes, increased blood viscosity, increased pulmonary artery pressure.
4. Increased blood volume: hypoxia is an increase in aldosterone hormone secretion, aldosterone’s role is to retain sodium and water, which can cause sodium and water retention, resulting in increased blood volume and increased pulmonary artery pressure.
Hypoxia involves multiple mechanisms in the pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension, so hypoxia is the most important factor in the formation of pulmonary hypertension.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension needs to be actively consulted in hospitals and treated under the guidance of doctors.