Gallbladder adenomyosis is uncommon in clinical practice, but its incidence has shown an increasing trend in recent years, and many cases have been reported, but there is no uniform understanding of its epidemiological characteristics. In this paper, we review the literature of 2876 cases of adenomyosis of the gallbladder in China in the past 30 years to discuss the epidemiological features and diagnosis and treatment experience of adenomyosis of the gallbladder. The name adenomyomatosis was introduced in 1960 and is now commonly used. Other names include adenomyomatosis, adenomatous cholecystitis, cystic cholecystitis, gallbladder diverticulosis, cystic adenoma and gallbladder malformation tumor, etc., which were not fully understood at that time and have been abandoned. Adenomyomatous hyperplasia is a hyperplastic change of the gallbladder, characterized by the overgrown mucosal epithelium of the gallbladder falling into the thickened muscle layer, resulting in local stenosis or a limited elevation at the base of the gallbladder, with a filling defect visible on imaging and an umbilical cord-like shape when the contrast agent enters its center. It can be divided into: ① diffuse type (extensive type), with diffuse thickening of the entire gallbladder wall. (2) Segmental type (annular type), in which segmental hypertrophy is formed in the neck or body of the gallbladder, and annular stenosis appears in the middle part of the thickened gallbladder wall, separating the gallbladder into two small interconnected cavities, so that the gallbladder resembles a gourd. (3) The restrictive type (basal type) was found in 596 of 1,191 cases (50.04%), and 212 of 264 cases were located at the base of the gallbladder (80.30%). Therefore, this type of adenomatous hyperplasia of the gallbladder is the most common type, which is located at the base of the gallbladder and presents as a centrally depressed, round, elevated lesion. The etiology of the disease is still unclear, and it is believed that the disease may be a non-inflammatory, non-neoplastic hyperplastic lesion of unknown origin, which may be related to abnormal gallbladder dynamics, long-term stimulation by gallbladder stones and chronic inflammation, abnormal gallbladder bile duct development or congenital abnormalities of pancreaticobiliary ducts. The incidence of the disease is widely distributed, with a mean age of 46.14 years, and is more common in young and middle-aged women between 35 and 55 years of age, and its incidence tends to increase with age. 51% of cases are accompanied by stones, so it can be assumed that stones may be one of the main causes of adenomatous hyperplasia. However, it has been suggested that adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder may also be the cause of stone formation, as these stones tend to be embedded in the sinus rotundus. The pathology is based on the formation of cholesterol crystals and microscopic stones due to bile stasis and cholesterol deposition in the sinus cavity. The main clinical manifestations of the disease are recurrent episodes of vague pain, some of which are associated with loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting. Most of them are accompanied by gallbladder stones. A small number of patients are asymptomatic. The main pathological manifestations of the disease are fibrous thickening of the gallbladder wall, often infiltrated by lymphocytes and plasma cells, accompanied by hyperplasia of smooth muscle cells, limited thickening of the duct wall, which can reach 3-5 times the normal level, and excessive growth of the mucosal epithelium, which extends into the submucosa and muscle layer to form intra-mural diverticula and cysts, or Ro-A sinus, which are mostly less than 0.8 cm in diameter and rare above 2.0. The accuracy and sensitivity of oral cholangiography in this disease are not high, and it is no longer commonly used in clinical practice. Adenomatous hyperplasia of the gallbladder is a penetration of the ro-A sinus into the muscular layer of the gallbladder and is often diagnosed by ultrasound. Ultrasound is more sensitive and simple, and is currently the method of choice. However, the average detection rate still does not exceed 50% . In addition, the disease is often combined with cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, excessive bile viscosity and pus accumulation, as well as strong echogenicity of bile sand, bile sludge or blood clots attached to the gallbladder wall and blood vessels in the gallbladder wall, which can easily cause false positives. In this paper, line ultrasound endoscopy and tissue harmonic imaging techniques are more sensitive, but they are not yet popular in China. It has been reported that multi-phase dynamic enhanced spiral CT thin-layer scanning and CT imaging of the gallbladder are used with high diagnostic accuracy for this disease, but the positive rate of CT examination in this paper was only 30%. The use of single excitation fast spin-echo sequence M R I technique has high accuracy in the qualitative diagnosis of this disease and is superior to CT and ultrasound, but it has not been reported in China. In the past, the disease was considered benign, but in recent years, malignant transformation of adenomatous hyperplasia of gallbladder, complicating adenocarcinoma or papillary mucinous tumor have been reported at home and abroad. For adenomyoma-like changes occurring on the liver bed side of the gallbladder body, special attention should be paid to the diagnosis and treatment because of the possibility of malignant transformation. Thus, once this disease is diagnosed, it should be actively treated surgically, and removal of the gallbladder is appropriate. In conclusion, the nomenclature of adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder is confusing, and the terms adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder and adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder are more commonly used. The etiology is not yet clear. It is mainly distributed in East and North China, with slightly more women than men, mainly in young and middle-aged people, and the age of onset is mainly between 35 and 55 years. The main clinical manifestations are recurrent occult pain, partly with loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting. Most of them are limited, with the bottom of the gallbladder being the most common. Some of them are accompanied by gallbladder stones. A small proportion is asymptomatic. Preoperative diagnosis is difficult and easily misdiagnosed. It mainly relies on imaging. Ultrasonography is more sensitive and easy, and is currently the preferred method. This disease is mostly benign. Once diagnosed, it should be removed promptly. Surgical resection alone is the primary treatment. The disease has few postoperative complications and most have a good prognosis.