State-approved smoking cessation medications include nicotine replacement, bupropion extended-release, varenicline, and so on.
1. Nicotine replacement: provide nicotine to the body to achieve replacement or partial replacement of nicotine, which can reduce withdrawal symptoms, such as anxiety, irritability, lack of concentration, depressed mood, etc. The course of treatment is 8 to 8 weeks. The course of treatment is 8 to 12 weeks, and some smokers have a longer course of treatment. There are no safety concerns with long-term use. Use with caution in people with recent heart attack, severe heart rate rigor, and unstable angina.
2. Bupropion extended-release: an antidepressant, the mechanism may be to inhibit the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine, blocking nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. The medication is started 1 week before smoking cessation, and the course of treatment is 7 to 12 weeks.
Adverse effects include insomnia, headache, dizziness, and irritability. It is contraindicated in epilepsy, anorexia, taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors within 14 days, and those currently taking bupropion-containing ingredients.
3. Varenicline: a new non-nicotine smoking cessation drug. It can relieve craving for cigarettes and various withdrawal symptoms after stopping smoking, and can also reduce the pleasure of smoking, lower the expectation of smoking, and reduce the possibility of relapse. Use with caution in patients with severe renal insufficiency.
There may be an increased risk of infections such as bronchitis, nasopharyngitis, and fungal infections with use of the drug; headache, increased appetite, and occasional insomnia and panic attacks may occur. It is contraindicated for those who are allergic to the components of the drug.
If discomfort occurs during the process of smoking cessation, it is recommended to consult a doctor in time, and the above drugs should be used under the supervision of a physician.