Early stage melanoma has a high likelihood of being cured. After treatment, the five-year survival rate of stage IA melanoma can reach 97%, and that of stage IB is about 84%. Early melanoma tumor cells are only limited to the epidermis or mucous membrane epithelium, with no infiltration or shallow infiltration, not accompanied by distant metastasis, and still have the possibility of cure after surgical resection. If the tumor is not treated in time, once the melanoma cells invade the blood vessels and lymphatic vessels in the dermis layer of the skin, it is easy to be transferred to various organs of the whole body, which affects the prognosis. Therefore, early diagnosis of melanoma is very important, and the most important features of the tumor are asymmetry, irregular border, color diversity, diameter >5~6mm and tumor bulging. Early identification of melanoma is difficult, and it is highly invasive, local or distant metastasis occurs early, and the overall survival prognosis is poor, so early detection, early diagnosis, and early treatment is the key to diagnose and treat melanoma. If patients have clinical manifestations suspected to be melanoma, it is recommended to consult the doctor in time, clarify the cause of the disease with the help of the doctor, and carry out targeted treatment or therapy. The main treatment modalities are surgical resection and cellular immunotherapy. Expanded resection and adjuvant treatment after confirming the diagnosis based on surgical pathology slides can effectively improve the prognosis of patients.