Malaria is more common in some countries and is now rare in ours. Malaria is a contagious disease characterized by periodic chills and high fever, and is mainly transmitted through the bite of female Anopheles mosquitoes, with a few cases occurring after the importation of Plasmodium-carrying blood or through mother-to-child transmission. The main symptoms of malaria are periodic chills, fever and sweating, accompanied by headache, body or joint pain, hepatosplenomegaly and anemia. Some patients can experience a range of symptoms including severe respiratory distress, coma, pale skin and petechiae. China has applied to the World Health Organization for malaria-free certification in 2020, but malaria is still present in some countries. Malaria is still a worldwide public health problem, and there is also the possibility of some imported malaria that requires increased precautions. Patients who are suspected of having malaria should immediately go to the hospital for relevant examinations and standardized isolation treatment.