It is difficult for anal fistula to heal on its own. If left untreated, anal fistula may recur and form a perianal abscess, so the vast majority of anal fistulas require surgical treatment. If once diagnosed as anal fistula, not recommended conservative lifetime, because the fistula repeated infection attacks, pus, pain, swelling, etc. will destroy the perianal muscle tissue, the formation of fibrosis, affecting the normal function of the perianal muscles, bring trouble to normal life and pain, and at the same time the symptoms of infection will be aggravated, the formation of perianal abscesses, severe sepsis or infectious shock and other dangers. At present, the surgical treatment of anal fistula surgery mainly has anal fistula resection, fistulotomy and hanging thread therapy. The key to surgery is to minimize damage to the anal sphincter and to avoid recurrence of the fistula. Fistulotomy is indicated for low-grade, simple fistulas and involves incising the fistula and exposing the wound to facilitate healing. Fistulotomy is most commonly used for low-grade fistulas and has the advantage of not damaging the deeper parts of the external sphincter, and there is no postoperative anal incontinence. Hanging wire therapy is widely used, can be used for simple high, low anal fistula and complex anal fistula adjuvant treatment, its biggest advantage is not cause anal incontinence. Fistula patients, it is recommended to go to the hospital as soon as possible, a clear diagnosis, understand the condition, follow the doctor’s instructions to give reasonable treatment.