Down syndrome, also known as trisomy 21, was the first chromosomal disorder to be identified in humans. trisomy 21 is also known as having an extra chromosome on chromosome 21. The main features of the disease are backward intellectual development, children with peculiar facial features as well as growth retardation, often accompanied by a variety of developmental malformations, such as congenital heart disease, digestive malformations, and malformations of the reproductive system. At present, there is no effective treatment for Down syndrome, and the most important treatment measure is comprehensive treatment, long-term and patient education, and training for patients to acquire certain work skills and life skills. In addition, such children are prone to infections, so it is also necessary to prevent infections. If accompanied by congenital heart disease, gastrointestinal malformation, etc., surgical treatment is required.