The most common and serious complication of persistent atrial fibrillation is organ embolism, the most important serious complication is cerebral embolism, due to severe cerebral infarction, many patients may have hemiplegia or even death, other organs may also have embolism, such as mesenteric artery embolism and lower limb artery thrombosis, etc. For patients with atrial fibrillation, anticoagulant drugs are mainly used to prevent complications. The second most common complication is heart failure. Due to persistent atrial fibrillation, the heart rate is fast and the contractility of the heart decreases, causing heart failure. Prolonged atrial fibrillation can lead to dyspnea and decreased activity tolerance, so the main symptomatic treatment for atrial fibrillation is to apply warfarin, rivaroxaban and other anticoagulants, and to apply bethanechol or digoxin to control the heart rate, and to choose radiofrequency ablation to eradicate atrial fibrillation if necessary.