Nephrostomy generally refers to pyelostomy, which belongs to a kind of treatment. Pyelostomy can be performed to achieve the effect of unblocking the fluid in the renal pelvis and improving kidney function. Pyelostomy is mainly used to treat patients whose ureter is obstructed for some reason and cannot be unblocked by other methods. It can also be used to treat patients with advanced bladder cancer and blockage of both ureters. Performing pyelostomy can achieve the effect of draining the renal pelvis, improving renal function and reducing renal pelvis infection. Some patients may have recurrent renal pelvis infections after the operation because of the fistula, which negatively affects the renal function. Therefore, pyelostomy is generally used as a rescue measure to relieve obstruction. A urinary catheter should be put in place for drainage, and the patient should be kept in the supine position after the operation to facilitate drainage and good wound care. Patients who need nephrostomy are recommended to consult regular hospitals, where medical personnel will judge whether to perform pyelovascular fistula according to the degree of the patient’s condition, and need to go to the hospital regularly for follow-up after the operation to determine whether there is any abnormality in the recovery of the body.