Calcification of the anterior longitudinal ligament in the lumbar region refers to the localized deposition of calcium salts in the lumbar spine due to injury or other reasons, which in turn leads to degenerative changes. The anterior longitudinal ligament is the longest ligament in the human body, located in the front of the human spine, running through the entire spine, is a long and wide-looking fibrous band, very tough, and its bundle of fibers is connected to the intervertebral discs and the anterior edge of the vertebral body, which has the effect of restricting the spinal column to over-extend. Calcification is the hardening of localized tissues due to the deposition of calcium salts. Physiologic calcification is seen in children’s bones that undergo calcification to become adult bones, and pathologic calcification is seen in caseous necrotic lesions of tuberculosis. Calcification of the anterior longitudinal ligament in the lumbar region is a degenerative change in the lumbar region due to dehydration and loosening of the lumbar vertebral joints caused by strenuous exercise and trauma, which leads to laxity of the anterior longitudinal ligament and localized deposition of calcium salts and hardening of the lumbar region.