Dural arteriovenous fistula is not a difficult condition; difficult conditions are some of the diseases that are not cured for a long time, while dural arteriovenous fistula can be improved by surgical treatment. Although dural arteriovenous fistula is a rare disease, its incidence is higher than that of spinal cord hemangioma. Early diagnosis is difficult due to the lack of specificity in clinical manifestations, which can be easily confused with interstitial stenosis, such as spinal stenosis, spondylolisthesis and vascular disease of the lower extremities, diabetic lumbosacral root plexus neuropathy, and spinal cord disease. The disease is treated surgically, supplemented by endovascular embolization. Patients with severe symptoms may be treated with postoperative hyperbaric oxygen therapy, which can help improve the prognosis. If not treated aggressively, dural arteriovenous fistula progresses slowly and can eventually lead to paraplegia, sensory deficits, and defecation dysfunction. Even with the most aggressive surgical treatment, however, sensory abnormalities and voiding difficulties may recover poorly or even worsen. Early detection and treatment of dural arteriovenous fistula can be effective in improving the condition, and aggressive treatment can help recovery.