Patients with heart enlargement in the early stages of heart failure can survive for years to decades with rigorous medical treatment, whereas patients who develop end-stage heart failure have a shorter survival period and a high mortality rate. Cardiac enlargement is a compensatory process of ventricular remodeling in heart failure. Early cardiac enlargement can be slowed down by medications, which reduces the morbidity and mortality rate to a large extent and has little impact on life expectancy; however, if it progresses to end-stage or if the primary pathology is not effectively controlled, the survival time is shorter. According to the characteristics of pathological development, cardiac enlargement can be divided into centripetal hypertrophy and centrifugal hypertrophy. 1. Cardiac hypertrophy: the thickening of the ventricular wall of the heart belongs to the early compensatory stage, which generally does not affect the life span after scientific diagnosis and treatment. 2. Separate cardiac hypertrophy: that is, the expansion of the diameter of the heart chambers, the decline in cardiac function is obvious, for the more advanced compensation stage, heart failure performance is obvious, the survival time is shorter. For heart failure patients with enlarged heart, they should actively cooperate with clinicians to prolong their lives and reduce the death rate.