Low leukocytes can eventually lead to serious infectious complications, and the infection may worsen and serious complications such as infectious shock and disseminated intravascular coagulation may occur and endanger the patient’s life, which is commonly seen in hematological disorders such as aplastic anemia and acute leukemia. Leukocytes include neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes and lymphocytes, which play important roles in the body such as anti-inflammatory, clearing pathogens (e.g. bacteria, viruses, tuberculosis, fungi, etc.) and immune defense. Low white blood cells can be seen in severe infections, aplastic anemia, acute leukemia and other diseases. When the white blood cell count is low, the immunity and anti-inflammatory ability of the body are significantly reduced, and it is easy to have bacterial infection, viral infection, tuberculosis infection, etc., which needs to be promptly treated with anti-inflammatory (levofloxacin), anti-viral (oseltamivir), anti-tuberculosis (rifampicin), anti-fungal (voriconazole), etc. The lower white blood cell count is, the more serious infection occurs. The lower the white blood cell count, the higher the risk of serious infection and the more severe the condition. Some patients with granulocyte deficiency may progress further and develop serious complications such as infectious shock and disseminated intravascular coagulation, which can be life-threatening. The key to treatment is to actively raise the white blood cell count. Clinically, the white blood cell count can be raised by subcutaneous injection of granulocyte stimulating factor or oral administration of leukocyte-raising drugs such as Ricodin and Astragalus Gum Leukocyte Capsules. In addition, the treatment of primary disease is also very important, such as aplastic anemia patients need oral cyclosporine and other drugs. Therefore, patients with low white blood cell counts need to go to the hematology department in time, to clarify the specific causes of leukopenia, and under the guidance of the physician to address the causes of the treatment and leukocyte-boosting therapy, the specific treatment plan needs to be formulated by the hematology physician according to the patient’s condition.