OVERVIEW
Overview of Hypercapnia
Hypercapnia is a condition in which the concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood is elevated due to inadequate ventilation or increased carbon dioxide production. Mild elevation causes accelerated deepening of respiration, and further exacerbation may result in respiratory depression manifested by headache, dizziness, irritability, and confusion.
Whether medical insurance
Yes
Department
Respiratory Medicine
Clinical symptoms
Deep and rapid respiration, increased pulse rate, muscle tension, increased blood pressure, accompanied by facial flushing, and cyanosis in the absence of oxygen. When carbon dioxide is rapidly discharged, the blood pressure may suddenly drop or there may be occasional apnea. In severe cases, irregular respiration, drop in blood pressure and pulse rate may lead to respiratory or cardiac arrest.
Hazards
Severe may lead to edema of brain tissue, intracranial hypertension, etc.,.
Examination
Physical examination, arterial blood gas analysis, etc.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is made on the basis of medical history, abnormal vital signs and arterial blood gas analysis.
Treatment principle
Keep the airway open, inhale oxygen, and actively treat the symptoms, and perform tracheal intubation or mechanical ventilation if necessary.
Curability
Aggressive treatment can improve the symptoms.
Dietary recommendations
High protein, high vitamin diet.
Etiology
Etiology
Mostly caused by alveolar hyperventilation diseases.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Typical symptoms
1. Initial manifestations include elevated blood pressure, deep and rapid respiration, elevated pulse rate, increased muscle tension, accompanied by facial flushing, and cyanosis in the absence of oxygen. When carbon dioxide is rapidly discharged, the blood pressure may suddenly drop or there may be occasional apnea. 2. Severe hypoxia manifests irregular respiration, drop in blood pressure, drop in pulse rate, which may lead to respiratory or cardiac arrest.
Diagnostic basis
1. medical history, often with a history of respiratory diseases. 2. symptoms such as abnormal vital signs, facial flushing, cyanosis, etc. 3. auxiliary examination of arterial blood gas analysis is abnormal, the usual diagnostic criteria for arterial partial pressure of oxygen is less than 60 mmHg, arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide is more than 50 mmHg.
Treatment
Treatment guidelines
Keep the airway open, oxygenation, and active symptomatic treatment.
Medication
Select bronchodilators, respiratory stimulants, anti-infectives, etc. according to the condition.
Other treatments
1. Keep the respiratory tract open to remove secretions and foreign bodies in the respiratory tract, and establish an artificial airway if necessary. 2. Oxygen should be given at a low concentration continuously. 3. Other attention should be paid to maintaining water, electrolyte and acid-base balance. 4.
Prognosis
Active treatment can improve the prognosis.
Questions you may be concerned about
What is the treatment for hypoxemia with hypercapnia in respiratory failure?
Respiratory failure hypoxemia with hypercapnia requires oxygen inhalation to correct the hypoxic state, and at the same time actively targeting the primary pathology for treatment, if necessary, the use of ventilator therapy treatment.
1. Oxygen intake, usually low-flow oxygen is needed, because inhaling high-flow oxygen may inhibit breathing and aggravate hypercapnia.
2. Etiological treatment, such as acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease resulting in hypoxemia and hypercapnia, may require intravenous use of methylprednisolone and other glucocorticoid drugs; if there is a bacterial infection, may also need to use moxifloxacin and other antibiotics; wheezing need to be given to asthma, such as nebulized inhalation of terbutaline, ipratropium bromide, and other drugs.
3. The use of ventilator, some patients may need non-invasive mechanical ventilation, such as acute respiratory failure, may even need tracheal intubation, invasive mechanical ventilation.
Respiratory failure hypoxemia with hypercapnia needs to be treated for the primary disease, and at the same time actively deal with the hypoxia situation, the specific need to receive individualized treatment under the guidance of the doctor.
Nursing care
Daily care
1. Quiet and comfortable environment, keep the indoor air fresh and pay attention to ventilation. 2. Activity and rest to ensure that the patient has sufficient rest and sleep, and maintain good immune defense ability. Actively engage in physical exercise to enhance the body’s resistance.3. Prevention of infectionPrevent upper respiratory tract infections, keep warm, seasonal exchanges and influenza season, go out less and go to fewer public places.4. Life careAdvise to quit smoking, and try to seek medical attention if you have a cold to control the aggravation of infection.
Dietary care
High protein, high vitamin diet.