Cavities and punctate calcifications are used to describe the lesion manifestations on lung imaging, which are commonly seen in diseases such as tuberculosis and lung tumors. 1. Tuberculosis: in the imaging examination, the outer edge of the wall of tuberculous cavity can be seen neatly and clearly, and there are often scattered patchy foci in the vicinity, and tuberculous cavity can be seen in the apical segment of the upper lobe, the posterior segment or the dorsal segment of the lower lobe. When accompanied by punctate calcification, the calcification is single or multiple spots. 2. Lung tumor: On imaging, the outer edge and outline of cavity wall of peripheral lung cancer are lobed with short burr shadows, the inner surface of cavity wall is uneven, and sometimes wall nodules can be seen, and cancerous cavities are mostly located in the anterior segment of the upper lobe and the basal segment of the lower lobe. A few peripheral lung cancers may also show calcification, which is single punctate or limited granular calcification. If cavities and punctate calcification are found after lung imaging examination, patients should not judge or diagnose by themselves based on one examination result, but should consult a doctor in time, who will analyze the situation comprehensively and make a clear diagnosis according to the specific circumstances.