Myelodysplastic syndromes have not been shown to be contagious, and there are no preventive or therapeutic methods for transmission. Myelodysplasia, also known as myelodysplastic syndrome, is a malignant clonal disease of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells with clinical features of pathologic hematopoiesis and high risk of transformation to leukemia. Treatment includes demethylating drugs, supportive therapy and transplantation. 1. The common treatment for myelodysplastic syndromes is the application of demethylating drugs under doctor’s supervision. The commonly used drugs are decitabine and azacitidine, and the symptoms will be improved to some extent after treatment. Demethylating drugs have obvious hematological toxicity, which can lead to myelosuppression as a side effect, and require enhanced supportive therapy. 2. For patients with myelodysplastic syndromes, blood transfusion, anti-infective (levofloxacin), and hemostatic (tranexamic acid) treatments are also needed. 3. In addition, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is currently the most promising treatment. For patients suffering from myelodysplastic syndromes, they should relax and not be anxious in their daily life, and actively cooperate with doctors for treatment. Maintain good hygiene habits, wash hands and change clothes regularly, ventilate and disinfect the room regularly, and pay attention to keeping warm. Diet should be supplemented with high-quality proteins, such as meat, eggs, milk and tofu, etc., with reasonable matching and balanced meals.