OVERVIEW
OVERVIEW
Acquired vitamin K-dependent coagulation factor deficiency is a bleeding disorder caused by acquired factors that result in decreased vitamin K synthesis, resulting in vitamin-dependent coagulation factor deficiency or structural abnormalities.
Is it insured?
Yes
Department
Hematology
Clinical Symptoms
Petechiae or ecchymosis of the skin, bleeding from mucous membranes, bleeding from internal organs, bleeding from traumatic and surgical wounds, bleeding from venous puncture sites, and excessive menstruation.
Harms
Bleeding from multiple sites of varying degrees may occur, and anemia may develop in the long term, seriously endangering the patient’s health.
Complications
Anemia
Examination
Coagulation factor examination, plasma vitamin K concentration measurement, vitamin K correction test, etc.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis can be made on the basis of clinical manifestations such as skin petechiae or ecchymosis, mucous membrane bleeding, internal organ bleeding, bleeding from trauma and surgical wounds, bleeding from venous puncture sites, excessive menstruation, etc., and related tests such as coagulation factor examination, plasma vitamin K concentration measurement, and vitamin K correction test.
Treatment principle
Supplementation of vitamin K, treatment of primary disease.
Curable
The prognosis is better if the symptoms are mild or the primary disease is effectively treated.
Dietary advice
Eat more vegetables and fruits rich in vitamin K and supplement protein; newborns and infants are recommended to breastfeed and add complementary food reasonably.
Causes
Causes
Vitamin K intake deficiency, malabsorption, excessive excretion, decreased production, liver disease, oral vitamin K antagonist, neonatal hemorrhage.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Typical symptoms
Symptoms vary with etiology and age, and may generally show skin petechiae or ecchymosis, mucosal bleeding, visceral bleeding, bleeding from traumatic and surgical wounds, bleeding from venous puncture sites, and excessive menstruation. They can be divided into two categories: neonatal bleeding disorders and child-adult vitamin K deficiency bleeding. Neonatal hemorrhage may manifest as umbilical cord, intracranial, thoracic and abdominal hemorrhage, with gastrointestinal, skin and mucosal bleeding predominating; child-adult vitamin K deficiency symptoms are not obvious.
Diagnostic basis
Patients may present with clinical manifestations such as skin petechiae or ecchymosis, mucosal bleeding, internal bleeding, bleeding from traumatic and surgical wounds, bleeding from venous puncture sites, and menorrhagia.
Coagulation factor tests show prolonged prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT).
Plasma vitamin K levels were decreased.
Vitamin K correction test is positive.
Treatment
Treatment guidelines
Vitamin K supplementation, treatment of primary disease.
Drug therapy
If bleeding tendency is caused by overdose of bicoumarin anticoagulant, it can be treated with vitamin K11 in addition to discontinuing the anticoagulant; if the bleeding symptom is mild, oral vitamin K3 or K4 can be taken.
Other treatments
For obvious disorder of coagulation function with bleeding symptoms, or surgical preparation, fresh plasma or prothrombinogen complex factor concentrate preparation can be transfused to supplement the shortage of coagulation factors to temporarily stop bleeding.
Prognosis
The prognosis is better for those with mild symptoms or effective treatment of the primary disease.
Nursing care
Daily care
Avoid or reduce taking anticoagulants.
Pay attention to environmental hygiene and personal hygiene, protect the skin and prevent bleeding infection.
Dietary regimen
Eat more vegetables and fruits rich in vitamin K and supplement protein; newborn and infant patients are recommended to breastfeed and add complementary food reasonably.