Open thyroid surgery and minimally invasive surgery have their own advantages and disadvantages, and the treatment should be chosen according to the condition and under the guidance of the doctor. Minimally invasive surgery is mainly used for benign thyroid nodules and can effectively remove the nodules. Minimally invasive surgery is less traumatic and has less effect on thyroid function, but for follicular thyroid cancer, undifferentiated cancer and other highly malignant tumors, it is prone to have residual lesions and lead to recurrence and metastasis. Open thyroid surgery has a good field of vision, which is conducive to the removal of lesions, but the incision is usually larger, and the surgery may damage blood vessels and nerves, and the postoperative scar is also more obvious. The indications for open thyroid surgery and minimally invasive surgery are different, and each has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the treatment should be chosen according to the condition and under the guidance of the doctor.