China has the highest number of elderly people in the world, with 90 million osteoporosis patients, accounting for 7.1% of the total population. With the aging of society, the incidence of osteoporosis is on the rise and is expected to increase to 221 million by 2050, when more than half of the world’s osteoporotic fractures will occur in Asia, with the vast majority in China. An increasing number of older adults are experiencing thoracolumbar compression fractures due to osteoporosis. Thoracolumbar compression fractures due to osteoporosis often manifest as follows: 1. Pain: the most common symptom of primary osteoporosis, with low back pain being the most common, accounting for 70%-80% of patients with pain. The pain spreads along the spine to both sides, decreases when supine or sitting, increases when posterior extension or prolonged standing or sitting, is light during the day, increases at night and early morning when waking up, and increases when bending, muscle movement, coughing, and bowel movement. 2.Shortening of body length and hunchback: mostly appear after pain. The anterior part of the vertebrae of the spine is almost mostly composed of cancellous bone, and this part is the pillar of the body, which is heavy and easily compressed and deformed, causing the spine to tilt forward and the back to curve more, resulting in hunchback, and as we age, osteoporosis increases and the curvature of the hunchback increases, resulting in significant knee contracture. 3, respiratory function decline: compression fracture of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, backward curvature of the spine, thoracic deformity, can make the lung capacity and maximum ventilation significantly reduced, patients can often appear chest tightness, shortness of breath, dyspnea and other symptoms. Patients with osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fractures suffer from pain in the thoracolumbar back, which affects daily life. The traditional treatment is absolute bed rest for 3 months, and only after the fracture heals can they get up and move around. However, long-term bed rest can lead to many complications (especially in the elderly), such as: cardiovascular and cerebrovascular accidents, lung infections, venous thrombosis, bedsores or pressure sores, urinary tract infections, constipation, joint dysfunction, osteoporosis, muscle atrophy, etc. Currently, with the development of minimally invasive medical techniques, percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) or posterior kyphoplasty (PKP) is recognized by medical experts worldwide for the treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fractures, for which percutaneous vertebroplasty or posterior kyphoplasty is currently advocated in Europe and the United States as a first-line treatment option for geriatric vertebral compression fractures. PVP/pkp is a percutaneous vertebral puncture under the supervision of imaging equipment to inject bone cement to increase the strength of the vertebral body, stabilize the diseased vertebral body, and prevent collapse of the vertebral body, thus providing pain relief, etc. The advantages are: (1) Minimally invasive intervention under local anesthesia, short operation time, almost no bleeding during the operation, no suturing after the operation, clear pain relief, and the effect of both pain relief and biomechanical strength of vertebral body reconstruction. (2) For elderly patients with physical failure, surgery is a serious systemic interference, these patients generally have no indications for surgery, and this technology for elderly patients with light systemic interference, safety is improved. (3) Postoperative recovery is fast and the hospitalization time is short (usually 5-7 d). Indications Currently PVP and PKP are mostly used to treat vertebral compression fractures caused by various reasons, and the common primary diseases are: ① osteoporosis: as more than half of the elderly people over 60 years old have different degrees of osteoporosis; ② metastatic tumors; ③ myeloma; ④ invasive hemangioma; ⑤ traumatic vertebral compression fractures.