Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) is a minimally invasive spine surgery technique that involves percutaneous injection of bone cement into the vertebral body through the pedicle or extra-vertebral root to increase strength and stability, prevent collapse, relieve pain, and even partially restore the height of the vertebral body. Percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) is a modification and development of percutaneous kyphoplasty, which uses a percutaneous puncture to reposition the vertebral body by intravertebral balloon expansion, creating a space inside the vertebral body that reduces the amount of thrust required to inject the cement and makes the cement less likely to flow. Compared with conventional methods, there is no difference between the biomechanical properties of this method and the clinical application shows that it not only relieves or alleviates pain symptoms, but also significantly restores the height of the compressed vertebral body, increases the stiffness and strength of the vertebral body, restores the physiological curvature of the spine, increases the volume of the thoracoabdominal cavity and improves the function of the organs, and improves the quality of life of patients. They are mainly used for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures, and the reported pain relief rates are over 90%, with few serious complications, and their good efficacy and high safety have been recognized by the majority of doctors and patients. In addition, since the mechanical effect of injecting bone cement can interrupt local blood flow, its chemical toxic effect and polymerization heat can also cause necrosis of nerve endings in tumor tissues and their surrounding tissues to achieve pain relief, and it even has the effect of killing tumor cells to a certain extent in a certain sense. Therefore, it has also achieved remarkable efficacy in the treatment of vertebral hemangioma, myeloma, primary and metastatic malignant tumors of the vertebral body, and some benign tumors of the vertebral body (e.g. eosinophilic granuloma, vertebral lymphoma, etc.). PKP and PVP are performed under local anesthesia and are minimally invasive, with only two 12.5px puncture sites and immediate stability after cement curing. Patients with osteoporotic fractures can get out of bed on the same day after surgery, avoiding complications associated with prolonged bed rest. Therefore, PKP and PVP are absolutely superior surgical procedures for osteoporotic spine fractures in the elderly.