Flat feet can be determined by X-rays and foot morphology.
Flat foot is a foot deformity that is congenital or postural resulting in a low arch or pronation of the affected foot, with obvious arch collapse and painful symptoms when standing or walking. It can be diagnosed by X-ray, and the easiest way is to stand on a white paper after applying a watermark to the bottom of the foot, and the paper of flat foot has no arch and full foot shape.
The treatment of flat feet is based on prevention, and treatment is only necessary when flat feet appear to have painful symptoms (otherwise rest is sufficient). It can be treated non-surgically, mainly by doing functional exercises (such as walking on the toes, etc.) and wearing orthopedic shoes.
It can also be fixed externally after orthopedic manipulation, and if the orthopedic manipulation fails or the deformity is serious, it can be operated such as osteotomy with internal displacement of the heel bone.