Sacral cysts, spinal stenosis, spinal instability and deformity A variety of spinal cord and spine disorders are treated using different approaches and minimally invasive micro-neurosurgical techniques, including: sacral cysts, skull base depression, atlantoaxial subluxation, spinal stenosis, lumbar spondylolisthesis, and scoliosis. Surgical removal of compressions (such as cysts, intervertebral discs, or bony bulges) allows for complete decompression of spinal nerves while correcting deformities and restoring vertebral stability, minimizing the risk of spinal nerve injury and destabilization of the spine. Patients with permanent damage to the spinal cord can be treated with olfactory bulb neural stem cell transplantation. Sacral cysts: Symptoms of sacral cysts can include pain in the lumbosacral region, buttocks and lower extremities, perineal distention and a feeling of falling. Some patients have urinary and bowel symptoms, such as frequent urination and abnormal bowel movements. Severe patients even experience weakness and muscle atrophy in the lower legs or feet. Although some doctors use interventional therapy, Prof. Xiu Bo found, based on the experience of treating a large number of sacral cyst cases, that although interventional therapy is minimally invasive, the recurrence rate is extremely high and it is difficult to cure; the most effective therapy today is to completely remove the cyst under a microscope to achieve a radical cure. For cysts that have already been operated on in other hospitals and are difficult to be completely removed, Dr. Xiu Bo uses his original cyst neck tying and blocking surgery, which is very effective. Spinal stenosis: Depending on the location of spinal stenosis, nerve root pain, muscle atrophy, paralysis of upper motor neurons below the plane of involvement (weakness, easy fatigue, limb stiffness), and even conductive hyperalgesia, urinary and sexual dysfunction may occur in severe cases. Treatment: The most effective treatment is surgery. The disease is less amenable to conservative treatment because it is difficult to enlarge the narrow bony spinal canal with conservative therapy. Surgery can enlarge the narrowed spinal canal, intervertebral foramen, and nerve root canal, relieving the compression of the nerve tissue and its supplying vessels while maintaining as much stability as possible in the spine. Surgery is more effective when performed within 1 year of spinal cord compression. Surgical procedures include: resection of the compression, posterior cranial recess expansion decompression, single opening, double opening, laminectomy, and various internal fixation of the spine. Atlantoaxial subluxation, lumbar spine slippage and scoliosis: conservative treatment is impossible to fix the subluxation, slippage and unstable spine by itself. The most effective method is to do internal fixation with bone graft. Corrective surgery is also required for severely deformed scoliosis.