The severity of thyroid nodules is determined primarily by the benign or malignant nature of the nodule, and rarely by the location of the nodule. Thyroid nodules are very common in clinical practice, and most of them are benign, while a small number of nodules with aspect ratios greater than 1, tiny calcifications or unclear borders may be malignant tumors, which are relatively serious. If benign nodules are small in size, regular in shape and asymptomatic, they can be followed up with ultrasound at intervals of 6 to 12 months, and the ultrasound should be compared with the results of the previous ultrasound to determine the growth rate and size of the nodules. When a thyroid nodule is found to have an aspect ratio greater than 1, to have tiny calcifications such as sediment granules, or to have unclear borders, fine-needle aspiration of the thyroid gland is required, and surgical removal is necessary. If the thyroid function is abnormal, appropriate medications should be used under the supervision of a physician. Thyroid nodules need to be treated in the general surgery department and thyroid surgery department of regular hospitals, and if there is any discomfort, one should consult a doctor in time.