Depending on the nature, shape, size and location of the stone, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithotripsy and open surgery can be performed to remove the stone. 1. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: locate the stone by X-ray or ultrasound, and use high-energy shock wave to focus on the stone, so that the stone is cracked into powder and discharged with urine. It is suitable for kidney stones and ureteral stones with a diameter of ≤2cm. 2. Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy: under the positioning of ultrasound or X-ray, fine needle puncture through the back of the waist directly to the renal calyx or renal pelvis, expanding and establishing a channel from the skin to the kidney, and then removing or crushing stones under nephrolithotripsy. It is suitable for complete or incomplete dehiscence stone, ≥2cm kidney stone, symptomatic kidney calyx or diverticulum stone, stone that is difficult to crush by extracorporeal shock wave and failed to be treated, as well as some of the larger upper ureteral stones above L4. 3. Open surgical treatment: the main types of surgery include pyelotomy, renal parenchyma incision and extraction of stones, partial nephrectomy, nephrectomy, ureterotomy and extraction of stones. Nowadays, most kidney stones are no longer treated by open surgery due to the widespread development of endoscopic technology and other techniques. In addition, there are many other surgical methods to treat kidney stones. Patients with kidney stones who experience pain in the upper abdomen or lower back, hematuria and other stone-related symptoms need to go to the hospital for standardized treatment under the guidance of a doctor.