Ovarian teratomas are highly prevalent in women of childbearing age and adolescents. Ovarian teratoma is a common ovarian germ cell tumor that can occur in women of any age and is classified as mature teratoma, immature teratoma, and ovarian goiter according to the pathohistological type. Mature teratomas are the most common, accounting for more than 95% of ovarian teratomas, and are benign tumors, predominantly in the 20-40 year olds. Immature teratomas are malignant tumors and are most common in young patients, with an average age of 11 to 19 years. Patients with ovarian teratoma should opt for surgical treatment. Malignant teratomas should also undergo complete staging surgery whenever possible. Immature teratomas that require fertility preservation can be treated with fertility preservation surgery and chemotherapeutic drugs. If patients find ovarian teratoma, it is recommended to go to a regular hospital to clarify the type of pathology, so as not to delay the disease.