Scientists have obtained the following consensus from epidemiological studies: the risk factors of cerebrovascular disease can be divided into three major categories: the first category is the factors that are inherent and difficult to change, such as age, gender, race and family genetics, which are non-intervention factors; the second category is the lifestyle of individuals, which are risk factors that can be controlled The third category is the combination of family factors and environmental factors, which are adjustable risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, etc. They are the key to stroke prevention and are described as follows It has a very close relationship with stroke morbidity and mortality. The incidence of stroke is positively associated with blood pressure above 115/75 mmHg. The relative risk of stroke increases by 49% for every 10 mmHg increase in systolic blood pressure and 46% for every 5 mmHg increase in diastolic blood pressure. In stroke prevention, studies have shown that lowering diastolic and systolic blood pressure reduces the incidence of stroke by 42%, and lowering blood pressure in elderly patients with elevated systolic blood pressure alone also reduces the incidence of stroke by an average of 30%. In primary prevention of stroke, control of systolic blood pressure is as important as achieving a normal diastolic blood pressure. In hypertensive patients with diabetes and renal disease, the goal of lowering blood pressure should be lower, with <130/80 mmHg. Despite a lot of efforts in publicity and education, patients still do not pay enough attention to key issues such as self-knowledge of blood pressure, rational medication taking and blood pressure control. After the discovery of hypertension, intervention should be carried out in two major aspects: on the one hand, non-pharmacological measures, including weight reduction, low-salt diet, low-fat diet, strengthening physical exercise, quitting smoking, limiting alcohol and maintaining a good state of mind, etc.; pharmacological measures are mainly the rational selection of antihypertensive drugs under the regular guidance of a doctor. 2, heart disease: various types of heart disease are closely related to stroke. Studies have shown that the risk of stroke is more than two times higher in people with heart disease than in people without heart disease, regardless of the blood pressure level. For ischemic stroke, the relative risk is 2.2 for both hypertensive heart disease and coronary heart disease, and 1.7 for congenital heart disease. 0.8% of people have a stroke in the short term after an acute heart attack, and about 10% have a stroke within 6 years. Therefore, middle-aged and elderly people should have regular medical checkups, and those diagnosed with heart disease should undergo specialist treatment. Non-cardiac valvular atrial fibrillation can be treated with anticoagulation or oral aspirin, and patients at high risk of coronary heart disease should also be treated with small doses of aspirin or other antiplatelet agents. 3, diabetes: diabetes is an independent risk factor for cerebrovascular disease, which can cause stroke 5-10 years earlier than normal. type 2 diabetic patients have 2 times higher risk of stroke. The severity and prognosis of cerebrovascular disease is related to the level of blood glucose and the degree of control of the disease in diabetic patients, so the prevention and control of diabetes should be paid attention to, fasting blood glucose should be controlled below 7.0 mmol/L, which can be controlled by controlling diet, oral hypoglycemic drugs or insulin. 4, carotid stenosis: Carotid stenosis is another important cause of stroke, research has concluded that ischemic stroke caused by carotid stenosis accounts for 10% to 20%. 7% to 10% of men and 5% to 7% of women over 65 years of age have carotid stenosis of more than 50%, and the annual incidence of stroke is 3.2% in people with 60% to 99% stenosis. Therefore, treatment of carotid artery stenosis is one of the keys to stroke prevention. The progression of carotid plaque can be stabilized or delayed by taking statin lipid-regulating drugs and removing risk factors; carotid endarterectomy or endovascular intervention can also be performed for patients with severe carotid stenosis through vascular interventional diagnostic and treatment techniques. Foreign observations suggest that carotid endarterectomy can reduce the relative risk of stroke by 65% in patients with symptomatic severe carotid stenosis (70% to 99%). 5. Dyslipidemia: Dyslipidemia refers to elevated total serum cholesterol and/or low-density lipoprotein and reduced high-density lipoprotein. Foreign studies have shown that elevated total cholesterol and/or LDL is positively associated with ischemic stroke morbidity and mortality, while low levels of total cholesterol increase the risk of hemorrhagic stroke. Dyslipidemia is closely related to stroke. Patients should change their lifestyle habits as soon as possible by controlling their diet, strengthening their exercise activities and taking statins or beta-agonists under medical supervision. 6, smoking: long-term smoking can affect the systemic vascular and blood system, accelerate atherosclerosis, increase fibrinogen levels, promote platelet aggregation, but also reduce the level of high-density lipoprotein. The relative risk of stroke in long-term smokers is 2.5 to 5.6. In addition, long-term passive smoking can also increase the risk of stroke, compared with non-passive smokers, the relative risk increases by 1.8 times. 7, alcohol consumption: Although a small amount of alcohol does not constitute a risk of stroke, acute alcohol abuse or long-term heavy alcohol consumption is an important risk factor for stroke. For non-drinkers, small amounts of alcohol are not recommended to prevent cardiovascular disease. The daily ethanol content of alcohol should not exceed 20-30g for men and 15-20g for women. 8. Obesity: Obese people who exceed 20% of their standard body weight have a significantly increased risk of hypertension, diabetes and coronary heart disease, and these diseases are important risk factors for stroke. Therefore, promote a healthy lifestyle and good dietary habits, adult body mass index (BMI = weight Kg / height squared m) control at 28 (kg / O) or less, waist / hip ratio < 1, control weight to fluctuate within 10% is appropriate. < span=""> 9. High salt diet and inadequate calcium intake: High sodium salt intake predisposes to hypertension, which leads to the risk of stroke. In recent years, it has been found that calcium and potassium have a protective effect on hypertensive stroke, and that a high-sodium diet alone does not necessarily lead to hypertension, but only increases the risk of hypertension and stroke with “low calcium” factors. There are two levels of prevention and control of cerebrovascular disease. First, primary prevention is actively carried out in the healthy population, that is, medical and lifestyle interventions targeting controllable and modifiable risk factors so that cerebrovascular disease does not occur or reduces the degree of harm after occurrence. The focus of secondary prevention is to prevent recurrence of stroke. When primary prevention fails and cerebrovascular disease occurs, active treatment is needed to prevent recurrence of the disease in order to facilitate recovery and improve the quality of life after the disease, as the saying goes. Since the recurrence rate of stroke is high, with an average annual recurrence rate of about 4% and a cumulative recurrence rate of up to 40% in 10 years, with the highest recurrence rate in the early stage and a recurrence rate of about 12% in the first year, patients who have had a stroke aura or suffered from transient ischemic attack, and those who have recovered from stroke or are under treatment or rehabilitation, should pay attention to the prevention and treatment of the above-mentioned risk factors for stroke, as long as As long as the stroke does not recur, there is hope for the recovery of cerebrovascular disease that has already occurred.