Perianal abscess can be judged based on the symptoms of persistent swelling and pain around the anus, laboratory tests, ultrasound and other imaging tests, and puncture results. Superficial perianal abscess can be manifested as persistent pain and swelling around the anus, and deep abscess can have perineal and rectal swelling sensation, and systemic symptoms such as fever, chills, and fatigue. Physical examination of superficial perianal abscess can find redness and swelling around the anus, with tenderness and even fluctuating sensation on palpation, while rectal palpation of deep perianal abscess can find swelling and bulging, with tenderness and fluctuating sensation. Anal canal ultrasonography, CT, MRI, etc. are of great significance in the diagnosis of deep rectal perianal abscess, which can determine the location of the abscess and the size of the pus cavity, which can help in the diagnosis of the disease, and the choice of surgical incision and drainage. At the same time give blood blood routine laboratory tests, most of them will have the total number of blood white blood cells, neutrophil count increased, etc., suggesting the severity of infection. Pus from perianal abscesses can be punctured to provide a visual judgment of the disease and can also help to localize the site of surgical incision. If you suspect perianal abscess, you need to go to the hospital in time for examination, make a clear diagnosis, and give treatment as soon as possible according to the doctor’s instructions, so as to avoid the condition.