Overview.
Complications of peritoneal dialysis include early complications related to the dialysis catheter, peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis, catheter tunnel and skin outlet infections, and noninfectious complications related to dialysis.
Complications
1. Peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis
Peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis is a complication of peritoneal dialysis in which the patient develops peritonitis such as abdominal pain, fever, or turbidity of dialysate. It is the most common complication of peritoneal dialysis and a common cause of peritoneal dialysis failure. It is mostly related to bacterial infection. With the development of automated peritoneal dialysis and the improvement of catheter connection system, the incidence of peritonitis has been significantly reduced.
2. Catheter tunnel and skin outlet infection
Catheter tunnel and skin outlet infection is a complication of peritoneal dialysis in which the catheter tunnel and skin outlet become infected, resulting in fever, associated localized redness, swelling, heat and pain and/or granulomatous tissue proliferation. This is the most serious complication of peritoneal dialysis and is the main reason for catheter removal and a major factor in patient mortality. The main causative agent of catheter tunnel and skin outlet infections is Staphylococcus aureus.
3.Mechanical complications of peritoneal dialysis
Mechanical complications of peritoneal dialysis are complications of perforation of abdominal organs, leakage of dialysate, and poor drainage due to malposition, blockage, displacement, or wrapping of the catheter. They can occur in both the early and late stages of peritoneal dialysis placement. Once found that the drainage of peritoneal dialysis fluid is not smooth, the cause should be actively searched for and treated.
4.Peritoneal dialysis digestive system complications
Peritoneal dialysis digestive system complications are digestive system complications complicating peritoneal dialysis, including esophageal reflux, intestinal bleeding, pancreatitis, liver abscess, subperitoneal fat deposition, and other complications such as bloody dialysis fluid.
5. Metabolic complications of peritoneal dialysis
Metabolic complications of peritoneal dialysis refer to protein-energy malnutrition and other abnormalities of nutrient metabolism during peritoneal dialysis that require attention and appropriate intervention.